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Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer starts in the cells of the bladder. Nearly all bladder cancers start in the lining of the bladder. Cancer that is only in the lining is called superficial bladder cancer. If the cancer spreads into the muscle wall of the bladder, it is called invasive bladder cancer.
Source: Canadian cancer society
Symptoms:
Bladder spasms
Decrease in bladder capacity
Frequent urination
Inability to urinate
Pain in lower back
Pain or burning sensation during urination
Urgent need to urinate
Risk Factors:
Age
Ethnicity
Exposure to some types of industrial chemicals
Family history of bladder cancer and personal inheritance
Treatment with certain medications such as cyclophosphamide (used to treat cancer and some other conditions)
Tests for diagnosing:
Biopsy
Blood tests
Cystoscopy
Imaging studies
Intravenous urography
Urine tests
Treatments:
Biological Therapy
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Surgery biologique
