Bladder cancer

Bladder cancer starts in the cells of the bladder. Nearly all bladder cancers start in the lining of the bladder. Cancer that is only in the lining is called superficial bladder cancer. If the cancer spreads into the muscle wall of the bladder, it is called invasive bladder cancer.
Source: Canadian cancer society

Symptoms:

• Bladder spasms

• Decrease in bladder capacity

• Frequent urination

• Inability to urinate

• Pain in lower back

• Pain or burning sensation during urination

• Urgent need to urinate

Risk Factors:

• Age

• Ethnicity

• Exposure to some types of industrial chemicals

• Family history of bladder cancer and personal inheritance

• Treatment with certain medications such as cyclophosphamide (used to treat cancer and some other conditions)

Tests for diagnosing:

• Biopsy

• Blood tests

• Cystoscopy

• Imaging studies

• Intravenous urography

• Urine tests

Treatments:

• Biological Therapy

• Chemotherapy

• Radiotherapy

• Surgery biologique